1.4.14 Outline the process of protein synthesis, including the role of transcription, translation, messenger RNA, transfer RNA and the template (antisense) DNA strand (details of the mechanism of protein synthesis on ribosomes are not required at IAS).

Transcription

- The DNA unwinds as hydrogen bonds between base pairs split to separate the two strands.

- The antisense strand is used as a template; the RNA nucleotides attach this strand as they pair with their complement on the template stand, forming mRNA.

Translation 

- The mRNA moves out of the nucleus and attaches it self to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. 

- The tRNA has an amino acid binding site, which allows it to attach to a specific amino acid and carries it to the mRNA in the  ribosome, where the amino acid joins to others carried by other tRNA to build a polypeptide.