1.4.16 Explain the terms gene, allele, genotype, phenotype, recessive, dominant, homozygote and heterozygote, and explain monohybrid inheritance, including the interpretation of genetic pedigree diagrams, in the context of traits such as cystic fibrosis, albinism, thalassaemia, garden pea height and seed morphology.

- Gene: the portion of the genome that carries the information for a single protein. (in cases of protein with multiple subunits, there maybe a gene for each).

- Allele: different versions of the same gene found at a specific locus and has a different base sequence.

- Genotype: the genetic makeup of an individual. genotypes can refer to an organism’s entire genetic makeup or the allele at a particular locus. 

- Recessive: an allele that is masked in the phenotype by the presence of a dominant allele, and are expressed in the phenotype when the genotype is homozygous recessive.

- Dominant: an allele that masks the presence of a recessive allele in the phenotype, express if an individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

- Homozygous: having the same allele at the same locus on both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes, also refers to a genotype consisting of two identical alleles of a gene for a particular trait. 

- Heterozygous: carrying two different alleles of a gene. 

- Monohybrid inheritance: the inheritance of just one characteristic.